BPA (bisphenol A) is used to make hard plastics and the lining of many food and drink cans. Small amounts can migrate into food, especially when containers are heated or scratched. BPA is an endocrine disruptor, meaning it can mimic the hormone estrogen, and animal studies link high exposure to effects on development and metabolism.
Regulators differ: the U.S. FDA maintains BPA is safe at the low levels found in food, while the European Food Safety Authority sharply lowered its safe intake level in 2023 over immune-system concerns. A catch with BPA-free products: some use replacements like BPS or BPF that are chemically similar and may act the same way. To cut exposure, favor glass or stainless steel, avoid microwaving plastic, and eat more fresh and frozen over canned.